The Bourbon Restoration, which restored the pre-Napoleonic monarchy to the throne, was marked by conflicts between reactionary Ultra-royalists, who wanted to restore the pre-1789 system of absolute monarchy, and liberals, who wanted to strengthen constitutional monarchy.The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history following the fall of Napoleon in 1814 until the July Revolution of 1830. This article was most recently revised and updated by Louis XVIII ruled as king for slightly less than a decade. Economic downturns and bad harvests during the 1840s contributed to growing discontent.In February 1848, the French government banned the holding of the The revolution in France brought together classes of wildly different interests. Bonaparte traveled through the provinces and organized petitions to rally popular support but in January 1851, the Parliament voted no.Louis-Napoleon believed that he was supported by the people, and he decided to retain power by other means. In the end he was incompetent as a diplomat. Hardworking rural farmers were resistant to paying for the unemployed city people and their new “Right to Work” National Workshops. The poet Alphonse de Lamartine was appointed president. They brought Major General Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud, a former captain from the French Foreign Legion and a commander of French forces in Algeria, and other officers from the French army in North Africa to provide military backing for the coup.On the morning of December 2, troops led by Saint-Arnaud occupied strategic points in Paris from the Champs-Élysées to the Tuileries. The egalitarianism and liberalism of the revolutionaries remained an important force and the autocracy and hierarchy of the earlier era could not be fully restored. In response, he tried repression but that only aggravated the crisis as suppressed deputies, gagged journalists, students from the University, and many working men of Paris poured into the streets and erected barricades during the “three glorious days” (French Les Trois Glorieuses) of July 26-29 1830. The Assemblée Nationale was dissolved and universal male suffrage restored. At 4:30 pm, commanders of the troops of the First Military division of Paris and the Garde Royale were ordered to concentrate their troops, and guns, on the Place du Carrousel facing the Tuileries, the Place Vendôme, and the Place de la Bastille. Moderates (like the aristocrat Alphonse de Lamartine) sought a middle ground. A woman personifying the concept and the Goddess of Liberty leads the people forward over the bodies of the fallen, holding the flag of the French Revolution – the tricolour flag, which remains France’s national flag – in one hand and brandishing a bayonetted musket with the other. The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution (révolution de Juillet), Second French Revolution or Trois Glorieuses in French ("Three Glorious [Days]"), led to the overthrow of King Charles X, the French Bourbon monarch, and the ascent of his cousin Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans, who himself, after 18 precarious years on the throne, would be overthrown in 1848. The king promised to follow the “juste milieu”, or the middle-of-the-road, avoiding the extremes of the conservative supporters of Charles X and radicals on the left. He also revived the tricolore as the flag of France in place of the white Bourbon flag that had been used since 1815, an important distinction because the tricolore was the symbol of the revolution.The ascension to the throne of Charles X, the leader of the Ultra-royalist faction, coincided with the Ultras’ control of power in the Chamber of Deputies; thus, the ministry of the comte de Villèle was able to continue, and the last “restraint” (i.e., Louis) on the Ultra-royalists was removed. Working behind the scenes on behalf of the bourgeois-propertied interests was Louis Adolphe Thiers.The July Revolution marked the shift from one constitutional monarchy, the Bourbon Restoration, to another, the July Monarchy; the transition of power from the House of Bourbon to its cadet branch, the House of Orléans; and the replacement of the principle of hereditary right by popular sovereignty. Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe.The Life and Campaigns of Napoleon Bonaparte, (Late Emperor of France, &c.) Containing Details of the Military Achievements, in France, Italy, Germany, Egypt, Spain, Portugal, and Russia, A Circumstantial Account of the Decisive Battle of Waterloo with Particulars of his Exile to St. Helena, Conversations with Dr. Napoleon was offered to keep the throne in February 1814 on the condition that France return to its 1792 frontiers, but he refused.The Great Powers occupying Paris demanded that Louis XVIII implement a constitution.