crassostrea gigas pacific oyster

We initiated a selective breeding program of the Pacific oyster back in 2006.

After removal of potential paralogs, 2,130 pairs of orthologs were finalized with mean Ka of 0.0097, mean Ks of 0.0304, and mean Ka/Ks ratio of 0.359. Growth rate is heavily affected by environment variables, especially in aquatic animals inhabiting in highly variable water environments. Front.

Genetic linkage maps of the Pacific oyster have been constructed based on a variety of molecular markers, including amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers or combinations of AFLP with microsatellite markers (The rapidly developed high-throughput sequencing technologies have dramatically boosted genomics research and enabled genetic analysis of traits at whole genome level.

No endangered or protected species was involved in the experiments of the study. Equal amount of the mantle tissues was dissected from each of three oysters and pooled into one sample, creating three biological replicates for “breed” and “wild” groups, respectively. In long-term potentiation pathway, differentially expressed genes are mainly calmodulin kinase and its regulators. 1). For the six samples, 79.3–82.2% of the total clean reads were aligned to the genome, of which 71.0–73.1% had a unique alignment and 8.1–9.1% had multiple alignment positions on the genome (A total of 1,303 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the “breed” and “wild” Pacific oysters, of which 888 genes were expressed at higher levels in “breed” oysters while 415 genes were expressed at higher levels in the unselected “wild” oysters (Twelve DEGs were selected for qRT-PCR validation, and the results were compared with those from RNA-Seq data analysis. Transcriptome-wide analysis of positively selected genes revealed the important roles of ribosomal protein genes, which further suggested that the process of protein biosynthesis may be a key biological process related to the growth difference between selectively bred oysters and unselected wild oysters.

FZ, BH, and HF collected the samples and executed the experiments. FZ drafted the manuscript, and SL revised the manuscript. The editor and reviewers' affiliations are the latest provided on their Loop research profiles and may not reflect their situation at the time of review.Fast growth is one of the most desired traits for all food animals, which affects the profitability of animal production. Enrichment analysis of positively selected genes between the “breed” and “wild” groups of the Pacific oysters showed that genes related to the biosynthesis of ribosomal proteins were significantly divergent during the artificial selection process. It is now one of the most widely cultivated shellfish species worldwide, with global production reaching ∼0.6 million tons in 2016 . These techniques depend on factors such as the seed supply resources, the environmental conditions in the region, and the market product, i.e., whether the Most of the global Pacific oyster spat supply comes from the wild, but some is now produced by Pacific oyster spat can be grown in nurseries by sea-based or land-based upwelling systems. A total of 589 ortholog pairs with a Ka/Ks ratio > 1 were identified (KEGG pathway analysis of the 589 positively selected genes showed that genes related to ribosomal proteins were greatly divergent between the “breed” and “wild” Pacific oysters. Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is a sessile bivalve living in the intertidal zone. Currently, triploid oysters are commercially cultured primarily in two species: the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, a species cultured worldwide, and the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, a species cultured along the East Coast of the United States and in the Gulf of Mexico. Increasing numbers of frames for oysters to grow on has led to claims that the character of the beach is changed and that other users may be endangered.In New Zealand, the Pacific oyster was unintentionally introduced in the 1950s, most likely through ballast water and from the hulls of ships.The Pacific oyster is one of the three main aquaculture species in New Zealand along with The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is a common oyster species that grows individually or in dense mats on rocks and soft substrates in temperate tidal and sub-tidal zones (Hughes 2008). The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is a dominant species in many intertidal locations as well as an important aquacultured bivalve species. The RNA quality was confirmed by running 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Nucleotides carry packets of chemical energy in the form of the nucleoside triphosphates (ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP) and plays an important role in metabolism at the cellular level, such as synthesis of amino acids and proteins, movement of the cell and cell parts, and division of the cell (Gene functional annotation analysis showed that both differentially expressed genes and alternatively spliced genes were significantly enriched in long-term potentiation, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, ABC transporters, and salivary secretion pathways. Generation of fast-growing varieties of animals by selection breeding approach would provide good materials with similar genetic background but contrast phenotype for genetic dissection of growth trait. The Pacific oyster, Japanese oyster, or Miyagi oyster (Magallana gigas), previously and currently also known as Crassostrea gigas, considered by part of the scientific community to be the proper denomination as an accepted alternative in WoRMS, is an oyster native to the Pacific coast of Asia.It has become an introduced species in North America, Australia, Europe, and New Zealand. | The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is an ideal model with alternative sexuality to understand the sex determination in bivalves. RNA concentration and purity were measured using NanoDrop (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and the RNA integrity number (RIN) was assessed using the RNA Nano 6000 Assay Kit of the Bioanalyzer 2100 system (Agilent Technologies).Six sequencing libraries were constructed using NEBNextRaw reads in fastq format generated from Illumina sequencing were assessed by FastQC. All raw RNA-Seq data have been deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive with BioProject accession no.

The downstream analyses were based on the high-quality clean reads. Shell height, shell length, shell width, and total weight of each individual were measured and weighed.