cell culture pdf

Commonly the necessary amino acids include cysteine and tyrosine, but some non-essential amino acids may be needed.Glutamine is also required by most cell lines and it has been suggested that cultured cells use glutamine as an energy and carbon source in preference to glucose, although glucose is present in most defined media.

Cell cultures are also widely used in the clinical detec­tion and isolation of viruses, as well as basic research into how they grow and in­fect organisms.While cul­tured cells can be used to produce many important products, three areas are gen­erating the most interest.The first is the large-scale production of viruses for use in vaccine production. Serum contains a complete set of essential growth factors, hormones, attachment and spreading factors, binding and transport proteins, Contentsa. These are cells that have the potential to differentiate into a variety of different cell types. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to share notes in Biology. Inserting a new gene into the body to help battle a disease.d. Cultured cancer cells also serve as a test system to determine suitable drugs and methods for selectively de­stroying types of cancer. He made detailed ob­servation of mitosis.Lewis and Lewis made the first liquid media consisted of sea water, serum, embryo extract, salts and pep­tones. Avoid keeping cell lines continually in culture without returning to frozen stock. This creates a suspension of single cells that are then placed into culture vessels con­taining culture medium and allowed to grow and divide. Salt, Glu­cose and Amino acids in the growth media determine the osmolality of the medium. The third is the use of cells as replacement tissues and organs. The first is a spleen-derived lymphocyte that is capable of producing the desired antibody. (2) The interactions between disease-causing agents and cells,Cultured cells are widely used alone or in conjunction with animal tests to study the effects of new drugs, cosmetics and chemicals on survival and growth in a wide variety of cell types.

Although all tissue culture plas­tic-ware should support cell growth ad­equately, it is essential when using a new sup­plier or type of dish to ensure that cultures grow happily in it.The tests to ensure this, such as growth curves and time of reaching a confluent monolayer, are similar, to those used to ensure that serum batches are satisfactory. The benefit of virus isolation as opposed to molecular techniques is the possibility of identifying something new in a species. These are similar to the enzymes used in ob­taining the primary culture and are used to break the protein bonds attaching the cells to the substrate.Some cell lines can be harvested by gently scraping the cells off the bottom of the culture vessel. Many cell lines, especially those derived from normal tissues, are considered to be Anchorage-Dependent, that is, they can only grow when attached to a suitable sub­strate.Some cell lines that are no longer considered normal (frequently designated as Transformed Cells) are frequently able to grow either attached to a substrate or floating free in suspension; they are Anchorage-Independent. Cell Culture Systems: Two basic culture systems are used for growing cells. Fre­quently, these characteristics are either lost or changed as a result of being placed in an artificial environment. The process involves removing the growth media and disassociating the adhered cells (usually enzymatically). Overall, an aspect of pharmaceutical research which promisingly employs cell culture models is the study of in vitro drug transport/absorption and metabolism. Autoclave bags are available for loose items. They should be frozen in exponential phase of growth with a suitable preservative, usually dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). It is important to remember that the cul­ture conditions play an important role in determining shape and that many cell cul­tures are capable of exhibiting multiple morphologies.Using cell fusion tech­niques, it is also possible to obtain hybrid cells by fusing cells from two different par­ents. The regulation of pH is done using a variety of buffering systems.