3rd french revolution

2.

Rumours of an “aristocratic conspiracy” by the king and the privileged to overthrow the Third Estate led to the In the provinces, the Great Fear of July led the peasants to rise against their lords. The nobles and the bourgeois now took fright.

Nearly 500 pages long, this book contains dense, brick-like paragraphs (and only a handful of maps and charts). In the “pays d’état” (provinces with provincial estates), tax assessment was established by local councils and the tax was generally “real,” which meant that it was attached to non-noble lands (nobles possessing such lands were required to pay taxes on them).

The tax burden therefore devolved to the peasants, wage-earners, and the professional and business classes, also known as the Third Estate.

Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.These two months of prevarication at a time when the problem of maintaining food supplies had reached its climax infuriated the towns and the provinces. French words and terms are sprinkled frequently throughout the text and are almost never defined or translated.

Consequently, attempts to impose taxes on the privileged — both the nobility and the clergy — were a great source of tension between the monarchy and the First and the Second Estates.Already in 1648, when Louis XIV was still a minor and his mother Queen Anne acted as a regent and Cardinal Mazarin as her chief minister, the two attempted to tax members of the ParlementLouis XV continued the tax reform initiated by his predecessor. The French Revolution, one of the most popular events in History, materialized due to many reasons.

The revolution ended when Napoleon Bonaparte took power in November 1799.

No one factor was directly responsible for the French Revolution.

Estates of the Realm and Taxation.

Equality! The king was not considered part of any estate.

They were immediately divided over a fundamental issue: should they vote by head, giving the advantage to the Third Estate, or by estate, in which case the two privileged orders of the realm might outvote the third?

These were further divided into the higher clergy which managed churches, educational foundations… However, the clergy, the regions with “pays d’état,” and the parlements protested.

The tax was generally “personal,” which meant it was attached to non-noble individuals. Following the advice of his mistress, Marquise de Pompadour, he supported the policy of fiscal justice designed by Machault d’Arnouville.

Years of feudal oppression and fiscal mismanagement contributed to a French society that was ripe for revolt. Noting a downward economic spiral in the late 1700s, King Louis XVI brought in a number of financial advisors to review the weakened French … It began on July 14, 1789 when revolutionaries stormed a prison called the Bastille. It was meant to touch all citizens regardless of status. The ideas of the French Revolution were drawn from the Enlightenment, influenced by the British political system, inspired by the American Revolution and shaped by local grievances. One critical difference between the estates of the realm was the burden of taxation. The most important reason being the social inequality. It's ideal for a graduate student who is looking for a month-by-month, detailed analysis of the French Revolution.

Exempted from the taille were clergy and nobles (except for non-noble lands they held in “pays d’état;” see below), officers of the crown, military personnel, magistrates, university professors and students, and certain cities (“villes franches”) such as Paris. “Pays d’imposition” were recently conquered lands that had their own local historical institutions, although taxation was overseen by the royal administrator.In the decades leading to the French Revolution, peasants paid a land tax to the state (the Caricature showing the Third Estate carrying the First and Second Estates on its back, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, c. 1788.The tax system in pre-revolutionary France largely exempted the nobles and the clergy from taxes. The taxation system under the Ancien Régime largely excluded the nobles and the clergy from taxation while the commoners, particularly the peasantry, paid disproportionately high direct taxes.Distinguish between the three Estates and their burdens of taxation.The desire for more efficient tax collection was one of the major causes for French administrative and royal centralization.